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Software Development Life Cycle

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Software Crisis

In earlier days, same codes needed to be written time and again increasing the complexity and time required for development
This resulted in software not being completed on time and the cost increased than expected
Solution: Object Oriented Programming

Software Evolution


  1. Investigation
  2. Feasibility Study
  3. Analysis
  4. Design
  5. Implementation
  6. Maintenance



  1. Investigation


First step in preparation of the IS
includes the preliminary study of proposed information system
investigates the information needs of the users and determines the resource requirement, costs, benefits and feasibility of a proposed project

  1. 2. Feasibility Study


feasibility study is an analysis of the practicality of an idea
focuses on helping answer the essential question of “should we proceed with the proposed project idea?”
The feasibility study is conducted in four
different areas:
1. Organizational feasibility
2. Economic feasibility
3. Technical feasibility
4. Operational feasibility

3. Feasibility Study


4. Analysis

In-depth study and results in the functional requirement that provide the basis for  system design
The process of system analysis starts with analyzing the organization’s present system if any, and functional requirement analysis
Analysis of each component of system like hardware, software, people resource, networking and data resources is required

Functional requirements are end user information requirements that comprise of:

  • User Interface Requirement
  • Processing Requirement
  • Storage Requirement
  • Control Requirement


5. Design

gives answer to the question “How” the system will accomplish the objective
consists of design activities that produce system specifications, satisfying the functional requirements developed at the analysis stage
System design consists of two steps:
Conceptual Design
Detailed Design


6. Implementation

Putting the developed system into work
Consists of the following:
1. Acquisition of hardware and software resources required by the proposed system.
2. Develop the computer program or perform any modification in the existing programs or the software package purchased.
3. Train the end user
4. Test the system and remove errors if any. This process is continued till system is free from errors
5. Conversion process i.e. to introduce a new system.

Types of implementation:

  1. Direct/Plunge
  2. Phase wise
  3. pilot
  4. Parallel


7. Maintenance

After implementation, the system is evaluated for its performance
If the system doesn't fulfill the objective of the organization, then the system ought to be maintained or updated
last or concluding stage of Information System development process

Maintenance might be done for the following reasons:
1. To change the policy statement
2. To change forms
3. To change operating system
4. To change procedures, etc.
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