What is manipulator in C++?

Answer: Manipulators are special functions that can be included in the I/O statement to alter the format parameters of a stream. Table-2 shows some important manipulator functions that are frequently used. To access these manipulators, the file <iomanip.h> should be included in program.

Table-2

Manipulators Equivalent ios function

setw( ) width( )

setprecision( ) precision( )

setfill( ) fill( )

setiosflags( ) setf( )

resetioflags( ) unsetf( )

In addition to these functions supported by the C++ library, we can create our own manipulator functions to provide any special output formats. The following sections will provide details of how to use the pre-defined formatting and how to create new ones.

Network Topology

A network topology is the arrangement of the computers cable and other components on a network. The major goal of network topology is to find out the most economical and efficient way to connect all the users to the network resources while providing adequate capacity to handle users demand, maintain system reliability and decrease the delay. Topology is the map of physical network. The type of topology we use defect the type and capabilities network hardware’s its management and possibilities for future expansion. There are many types of network topology, some of these are: Bus Topology Star Topology Mesh Topology Ring Topology Tree Topology

What is Servlet in Java?

A servlet is a small program that executes on a server. Just as applets dynamically extend the functionality of a web browser, servlets dynamically extend the functionality of a web server. It is helpful to understand that as useful as applets can be, they are just one half of the client/server equation. Not long after the initial release of Java, it became obvious that Java would also be useful on the server side. The result was the servlet. Thus, with the advent of the servlet, Java spanned both sides of the client/server connection.

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