Operators in C Programming : Relational and Logical Operators

Relational Operators are those that are used to compare two similar operands, and depending on their relation take some actions. The relational operators in C are listed as

Operators Meaning

< less than

<= less than or equal to

> greater than

>= greater than or equal to

= = Equality equal to

! = Operators not equal to

These operators all fall within the same precedence group, which is lower than the arithmetic and unary operators. The associativity of these operators is left to right.

# Suppose that i, j and k are integer variables whose values are 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Several relational expressions involving these variables:

Expressions Interpretation Value

i < j true 1

(i+j) >= k true 1

(j+k) > (i+5) false 0

k! = 3 false 0

j = = 2 true 2

In addition to the relational and equality operators, is used to assign a value to an identifier, where as the equality operator is used to determine if two expressions have the same value. These operators cannot be used in place of one another.

Assignment expressions are often referred as assignment statements.

Multiple assignments of the form are permissible as

identifier1 = identifier2 = - - - - - - - = identifier n

In such situation, the assignments are carried out from right to left.

Multiple assignment

identifier1 = identifier = expression.

is equivalent to

identifier1 = (identifier2 = expression)

And so on, with right to left resting for additional multiple assignments. C contains the following five additional assignment operators:

+ = , - = , * = , / = and % =

They are also k/shorthand assignment operators.

expression1 + = expression2

Is equivalent to:

expression1 = expression 1 + expression

Expression Equivalent Expression

a + = b a = a+b

a - = b a = a-b

a * = b a = a*b

a / = b a = a/b

a% = b a = a%b

The general form of shorthand assignment operators

variable1 operator = variable2 (or expression)

The use of shorthand assignment operator has three advantages:

1. What appears on the left-hand side need not be repeated and therefore it becomes easier to write.

2. The statement is more concise and easier to read.

3. The statement is more efficient.

Passing arrays to functions in C programming

Like any other variables, we can also pass entire array to a function. An array name can be named as an argument for the prototype declaration and in function header. When we call the function no need to subscript or square brackets. When we pass array that pass as a call by reference because the array name is address for that array. /* Program to illustrate passing array to function */ #include<stdio.h> void display(int) ; /* function prototype */ main( ) { int num[5] = {100, 20, 40, 15, 33, i ; clrscr( ) ; printf (“\n The content of array is \n”) ; for (i=0; i<5; i++) display (num[i]) ; /*Pass array element fo fun */ getch{ } ; } void display(int n) { printf (“\t%d”, n ) ; } Output: The content of array is 100 20 40 15 3 /* Program to read 10 numbers from keyboard to store these num into array and then c...

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

PGA reffered as pin grid array in which pins of CPU are lined up in a straight format. SPGA referred as staggered pin grid array. in which pins of CPU are arranged staggered format. LGA reffered to as Land Grid Array in which pins are available within inside the socket but not in the CPU in other words in line grid array, in CPU ther are no pinsbut insteadpins areattached with in a socket which contact with with the CPU. for e.g. LGA775 socket(no pins on cpu) has better cooling system. better contact and better locking(climbing). LGA1155: Letest generation I socket, also reffered as sandy bridge, Turbo boost overclocking. More resent than LGA 1156 socket. LGA1156: ability to north bridge Doul channel DDR3 optional integreted graphics PCI express LGA1366: hi end core i series socket integreted tiple channal memmory controller external control bridge(HUB) Upgrading CPU: need to check its core suppert check multiprocessor supports or not check on the ...

Recursive Function in C programming

If a statement within the body of a function calls the same function, the function is called recursive function. Actually, recursion is a process by which a function calls itself repeatedly until some specified condition has been satisfied. This process is used for repetitive computations in which each action is stated in term of previous result. Many iterative or repetitive problems can be written in this form. To solve a problem using recursive method, two conditions must be satisfied. They are: 1) Problem could be written or defined in term of its previous result. 2) Problem statement must include a stopping condition. /* An example of recursive function to calculate factorial of a number.*/ #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h...

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