Skip to main content

Multi-dimensional arrays

By
                Multi-dimensional arrays are those which have more than one dimensions. Multi-dimensional arrays are defined in much the same manner as one dimensional array, except that a separate pair of square brackets is required for each subscript. Thus, two dimensional arrays will require two pairs of square brackets; three dimensional arrays will require three pairs of square brackets and so on. The two dimensional array is also called matrix. Multi-dimensional array can be defined as following
  storage_class  data_type  array_name[expression1] [expression2] ...[expression n];
                  Here, expression1, expression2…..expression n are positive valued integer expressions that indicate the number of array elements associated with each subscript. An m*n two dimensional array can be thought as tables of values having m rows and n columns.
 An example
 int X[3][3] can be shown as follows
Col 1
Col 2
Col 3
Row 1
X[0][0]
X[0][1]
X[0][2]
Row 2
X[1][0]
X[1][1]
X[1][2]
Row 3
X[2][0]
X[2][1]
X[2][2]






Initialization of multi-dimensional array:
         Like one dimensional array, multi-dimensional arrays can be initialized at the time of array definition or declaration. A few example of 2-D array initialization are:
int marks[2][3]={   {2, 4, 6},
                                   {8, 10, 12}
                                };
      int marks1[][3]={   {2, 4, 6},
                                   {8, 10, 12}
                                };
   int marks2[2][3]={ 2,4,6,8, 10, 12};
   int marks3[ ][3]={ 2,4,6,8, 10, 12};
   int marks4[ ][3]={ 2,4,6,8, 10};

    What is the value of marks4[1][2]?


 
 
    
All above examples are valid. While initializing an array, it is necessary to mention the second dimension (column) whereas the first dimension (row) is optional.
   Thus, following are invalid
       int marks3[3][]={ 2,4,6,8, 10, 12};
       int marks4[][]={ 2,4,6,8, 10};    /* error!!!*/
Example: Write a program to read two 3*3 matrixes and display their sum.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
  {
  int a[3][3],b[3][3],sum[3][3],i,j;
  clrscr();
  printf("Enter First matrix row by row\n");
  for(i=0;i<3;i++)
     for(j=0;j<3;j++)
       scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);

  printf("Enter second matrix as first\n");
  for(i=0;i<3;i++)
     for(j=0;j<3;j++)
      scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);
   for(i=0;i<3;i++)
   {  for(j=0;j<3;j++)
      { sum[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j];}
    printf("\nThe sum matrix is:\n");}
    for(i=0;i<3;i++)
      {
       for(j=0;j<3;j++)
         {
          printf("\t%d",sum[i][j]);
          }
          printf("\n");
         }
    getch();
  }
 


Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Recursive Function in C programming

By
             If a statement within the body of a function calls the same function, the function is called recursive function. Actually, recursion is a process by which a function calls itself repeatedly until some specified condition has been satisfied. This process is used for repetitive computations in which each action is stated in term of previous result. Many iterative or repetitive problems can be written in this form.                To solve a problem using recursive method, two conditions must be satisfied. They are: 1)       Problem could be written or defined in term of its previous result. 2)       Problem statement must include a stopping condition. /*   An example of recursive function to calculate factorial of a number.*/    #include<stdio.h>    #include<conio.h...
Post a Comment
Read more

Object Oriented Programming

By
Object Oriented Programming Programming paradigm that represents the concept of "objects" that have data fields (attributes that describe the object) and associated procedures known as methods Programming methodology based on objects, instead of just functions and procedures Focuses on data rather than process As individual objects can be modified without affecting other aspects of the program, it is easier for programmers to structure and organize software programs Easier to update and change programs written in object-oriented languages Simula was the first object oriented programming language Eg: C++, Java, etc. Features of OOPS Objects Referred as instance of class Basic run-time entities in an object-oriented system a person, a place, a bank account, a table of data, etc can be an object They occupy space in memory that keeps its state  Each object contains data and code to manipulate the data  Classes Blue print or prototype  which ...
Post a Comment
Read more

Passing arrays to functions in C programming

By
Like any other variables, we can also pass entire array to a function. An array name can be named as an argument for the prototype declaration and in function header. When we call the function no need to subscript or square brackets. When we pass array that pass as a call by reference because the array name is address for that array. /* Program to illustrate passing array to function */ #include<stdio.h> void display(int) ; /* function prototype */ main( ) { int num[5] = {100, 20, 40, 15, 33, i ; clrscr( ) ; printf (“\n The content of array is \n”) ; for (i=0; i<5; i++) display (num[i]) ; /*Pass array element fo fun */ getch{ } ; } void display(int n) { printf (“\t%d”, n ) ; } Output:     The content of array is 100      20       40       15 3 /* Program to read 10 numbers from keyboard to store these num into array and then c...
Post a Comment
Read more